Wednesday 21 September 2016

Library Generation Tables - Alchemical

The following is a selection of books which focus upon esoteric and occult subjects. Many of them are academic, attempting to explain or describe various anthropological systems of belief, especially the ‘hands-on’ kind of belief which is commonly referred to as ‘magic’. Some of these texts are deliberately abstruse and difficult to understand; for some authors there was an over-arching necessity to be obscure in order to avoid criminal or political repercussions. Other works are ironic, spoofs intended to poke fun at various social issues, but still sufficiently cloaked in mystery to pass muster. Others are deliberate frauds meant to fool the gullible and unwary. Finally, some of these works are religious in nature, expounding an exoteric approach to religious dogma which is often felt to be at odds with accepted material, or even schismatic, compared to the orthodox pronouncements of canon religious lore.

It is wholly appropriate for adventurers to stumble across any of these works in investigating the actions of the Mythos and their minions in the course of an adventure. Many individuals interested in the occult will obtain and prowl through an endless stream of published material before finding the essential kernels of truth that they seek. Having a handful of these texts cluttering up a suspect’s bookshelf can deflect an investigation, give hints as to the true nature of the mystery surrounding various events (due to the presence of harmless books which warn against or describe other, more abominable, works for instance), or reveal the potential suspect to be a mere dabbler rather than a ‘hardcore’ Mythos villain. The tables accompanying each style of magical theory allows any Keeper to randomly generate a mystical library to suit any occasion.

Many of the books in the following section, however bizarre they may seem, are real and obtainable through local libraries, bookstores, or from online publishers, booksellers and websites; others are fictional, only appearing in the fanciful tales of various writers...and not only those penning Mythos stories. Where a work is fictional, I have noted the source after the description in order to avoid confusion.

Grimoires

The grimoire is a workbook of occult lore and practises. It represents the accumulated knowledge of an occult worker over their mystical career and can include recipes, ritual instructions, tables of lore pertaining to magical creatures, herbal lore, or astronomical knowledge (to name only a few areas). Some authors’ works gain notoriety for their potency and are passed on, mainly in hand-copied, manuscript form, before ever seeing print. These authors amass a ‘grimoire tradition’ wherein their works are added to by later commentators, or spliced together with other material to form a long, ongoing line of literary attribution, more often spurious than not. Some of the earliest magical writings have, in this way, survived and remain in circulation to this day, often in very surprising places. In the tables, grimoires are indicated with a letter ‘G’, indicating that this volume can be a properly printed text, a manuscript copy, or a cheap mass-market knock-off. These books are also added to by their owners and some actual Mythos material may have crept in, as the Keeper wishes.

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The following tables reflect works of particular esoteric interests or fields of research. The Keeper should roll percentile dice to select as many titles as they feel will build a significant flavour to the library which they are trying to assemble. It’s possible that the NPCs involved will have interests in more than one field so rolling on several of the tables will reflect that diversity of study. Keep in mind that these books – even the spoofs and fake titles – indicate a serious dedication to the craft, so the more that Investigators find on a particular bookshelf, the more heavily-involved the owner of those books will be.

Alchemical

Anything here will be highly scientific and grounded in the coded procedures of the alchemical tradition. Hermeticism is pre-eminent, as is anything overtly contained within the chemists’ apparatus. Herbals and bestiaries, works of a transformative nature, or to do with codes, are also of a peripheral interest. The Surrealist Art movement of the early Twentieth Century latched on to the coded and symbolic references in Alchemy and many new studies of the language of Alchemy were written from the 1920s onwards.

01-11%
Book of Ostanes (1st Century AD) (G)
12-22%
De Mirabili Potestate, Artis et Naturae
23-33%
De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum...
34-44%
De Situ Orbis (1471)
45-56%
The Golden Dawn (1936)
57-67%
A List of Works Relating to Lycanthropy (1920)
68-78%
The Occult Sciences (1891)
79-89%
Steganographia (1500s) (G)
90-00%
The Zohar (1200s)

Book of Ostanes

The Greeks and Romans both ascribed the creation of magic to Persian magi. Foremost among these was “Zoroaster” (no real connexion to the creator of the religion and hence referred to as “pseudo Zoroaster”) and his master, “pseudo Hystapes”. A third figure – Ostanes – was first mentioned by Hermodorus in the 4th Century BC, whom he calls an intellectual descendant of Zoroaster. While this Zoroaster and his master Hystapes were based on actual historical figures, no such foundation exists for Ostanes – he is entirely fictional.

Regardless, Greek teaching laid the phenomenon of “dark magic” at his door, as an antithesis to the good magic of Zoroaster. Many books of magic were compiled and ascribed to him and discussed by authorities such as Pliny. Ostanes is said to have had the power of divination, by means of basins and pools of water, glass globes, air, the stars, lamps and axes, among other props. He was said to be able to speak with the dead, with ghosts, and to contact the Underworld. By the end of the 1st Century, he was regarded as an authority on alchemy and necromancy, divination and on the magical properties of stones and plants. Not bad for an imaginary guy!

Obviously, others were codifying these texts and attributing them to Ostanes. Copies have appeared in Greek and Latin, and an Arabic version exists also – the Kitab al-Fusul al-ithnay ‘ashar fi 'ilm al-hajar al-mukarram (“The Book of the Twelve Chapters on the Honourable Stone”).


De Mirabili Potestate, Artis et Naturae

Francis Bacon (c.1219/20-c.1292) was an English monk of the Franciscan Order who was famous for his advocacy of empirical research in learning the mysteries of nature. He was an unstoppable polymath who dabbled in almost every type of learning from physics to linguistics, even alchemy. His “Letter on the Secret Workings of Art and Nature and on the Vanity of Magic” (more commonly called “On the Wonderful Powers of Art and Nature”“De Mirabili Potestate, Artis et Naturae”) contains many alchemical procedures including a formula for the Philosopher’s Stone and a possible recipe for gunpowder. It also contains theoretical instructions for building flying machines and submarines. Along the way he roundly debunks necromancy and explores many so-called supernatural events of  his day, demonstrating how they could be explained by natural phenomena.


“De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum, Chaldaeorum, Assyriorum. Proclus In Platonicum Alcibiadem De Anima, Atque Daemone: Idem De Sacrificio & Magia. Porphyrius De Divinis Atque; Daemonibus Psellus De Daemonibus. Mercurii Trismegisti Pimander: Ejusdem Asclepius.”

Also known as the Theurgia, “De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum...” (“On the Mysteries of the Egyptians...”) is attributed to the Neoplatonic scholar Iamblichus Chalcidensis, who studied under Porphyry. The two disagreed over the practice of theurgy, that is, the importance of rituals in order to ensure the operation of higher beings – or gods – in human affairs. The two parted over their respective views and many of Iamblichus’s responses to his master’s criticisms are contained with the Mysteries.

However, stylistic differences between this work and Iamblichus’ other writings have shed the light of suspicion over the authorship of the Mysteries. Despite this question, whoever wrote it must have studied under Iamblichus and attended his school. The work traces the emergence of cult ritual practice in a polytheistic world, noting parallels in worship and rationalising them in a Neoplatonic framework.


De Situ Orbis

Pomponius Mela was a Roman geographer of Spanish birth, writing around the year 43 AD. His summation of the known world is largely inferior to Pliny’s work on a similar subject, which cited Mela as a source, but it is notable for its use of Latin which has a pleasing and poetical cast. The work takes the form of an extended travel monologue travelling the coastlines from Roman occupied Spain around the Mediterranean, along the coasts of Africa and Asia and northwards around the coasts of Europe and Britain. Mela’s language during this extended itinerary is playful and engaging: he focuses not upon the famous structures and accomplishments of various countries but rather, concentrates on subjects anthropological, cultural and supernatural.

The book is of interest as an occult text due to the many apocryphal references said to be contained within its pages. Mela begins his narrative by describing the world as a ‘puzzle’ to be solved and invites the reader to embark upon a tour to ‘solve’ it with him. This, along with an extended passage describing a massive labyrinth in Egypt, seems to imply that the book is a key in and of itself to the discovery of some great revelation. It is said that this text makes reference to the Ixaxar Stone, mentioning its sacred meaning to degenerate races in the Libyan heartland; it is said also to locate the lost city of Niya in Western China: in actual fact the earliest publication of Mela dates from Milan in 1471 and makes no reference to either subject. Unless some other, earlier and unexpurgated text appears, these legends will no doubt pervade.


The Golden Dawn: An Account of the Teachings, Rites & Ceremonies of the Order of the Golden Dawn

"...it is essential that the whole system should be publicly exhibited so that it may not be lost to mankind. For it is the heritage of every man and woman – their spiritual birthright."
-Israel Regardie, 1936
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn was a fractious group of mystically-inclined individuals who dominated the spiritual world in the early years of the Twentieth Century. Under the auspices of S.L. McGregor Mathers and others, it codified a system of magic that still resonates to this day. Other members of the Golden Dawn included A.E. Waite, W.B. Yeats, Arthur Machen and Algernon Blackwood, to name but a few. However there was trouble in paradise: once that mystical pest Aleister Crowley joined, he caused massive divisions within the group as he tried to wrest control of the Order from its originators and pervert its rites to his own way of magickal thinking. The group rapidly fell apart due to his meddling.
Nevertheless, as Crowley muddied the waters, Golden Dawn adherent Israel Regardie penned this definitive account of all the theories, rites and procedures of the Order so that its spirit would survive the catastrophe to come.


A List of Works Relating to Lycanthropy

“An interesting allusion to the werewolf in Scottish folklore is preserved in the records of the Presbytery of Kelso. Under the date of November 6, 1660, it is stated that ‘Michell Usher, or Wishart, at Sproustoun, and Mausie Ker, his wife, complean of John Brown, weaver ther, for calling him a warwoof, and her a witch.’ I believe this is the only reference to the werewolf in Scottish folklore.”
-George F. Black
A slight, although powerful, reference work, this catalogue lists every book in the New York Public Library system to mention werewolves, their evolution, expression and eradication. George Black combed through endless card systems to compile this eight-page pamphlet and one can only wonder what his motivations were. For those who would obtain and use this source as a useful guide, there can surely be no doubt...



The Occult Sciences: A Compendium Of Transcendental Doctrine And Experiment, Embracing An Account Of Magical Practices; Of Secret Sciences In Connection With Magic; Of The Professors Of Magical Arts; And Of Modern Spiritualism, Mesmerism, And Theosophy.

"The subject of occultism has been very fully dealt with during recent years by various students of eminence. It has remained for the results of their studies to be condensed into a portable volume, which shall conduct the inquirer into the vestibule of each branch of 'the occult sciences,' and place within his reach the proper means of prosecuting his researches further in any desired direction."
-A.E. Waite

A.E. Waite was serious magician and a serious academic, working at the end of the Nineteenth Century and into the Twentieth. He was instrumental in codifying a lot of the ritual magic that various practitioners nowadays take for granted. A major undertaking of his (along with McGregor Mathers) was the translation of the works of Eliphas Levi, thus bringing the French magical systems to light in London. Most people these days know Waite’s famous tarot deck – the Rider-Waite Deck – or may even be familiar with his grand grimoire, The Book of Ceremonial Magic.

As a means of organising his research, Waite wrote this work – The Occult Sciences – as an attempt to pin down all aspects of magical theory and as an aid to others for the furtherance of their own studies. It pretty much covers everything from summoning angels and demons, necromancy, divination of all kinds, alchemy, the creation of talismans, and kabbalism, before expounding on various organisations and their characters, including the Rosicrucians, the Freemasons, Mesmerists, Spiritualists and Theosophists. It was published in London by Kegan Paul, Tench, Trubner & Company Ltd., first in 1891 and then again in 1923. Since then it has been reproduced in various formats and excerpted as any number of smaller volumes.


Steganographia

Johannes Trithemius was the occult teacher of both Agrippa and Paracelsus and he wrote this work at the end of the Fifteenth Century. It was to become one of the most notorious tomes of the next two centuries. On the one hand, it appears to be simply a grimoire, a magician’s work-book containing spells to conjure spirits, a species of Kabbalistic angel magic and lists of spiritual messengers associated with various divisions of space and time. On the other hand, it is a code book, and discusses ways of concealing information within outwardly innocent texts. John Dee noted that a copy was up for sale in his day for “one thousand crowns” and his own copy heavily influenced his process of angelic magic, the Enochian system. The book is known to have circulated widely between magical circles in manuscript form during the 16th Century but was not committed to print until later.



The Zohar

“...from the fourteenth century [the Zohar] held almost unbroken sway over the minds of the majority of the Jews. In it the Talmudic legends concerning the existence and activity of the shedhim (demons) are repeated and amplified, and a hierarchy of demons was established corresponding to the heavenly hierarchy...Even the scholarly and learned Rabbis of the seventeenth century clung to the belief.”
-M. Gaster, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics

Devised as a mystical interpretation of the Torah, known in Christianity as the Pentateuch or the five Books of Moses from the Bible, The Zohar is the foundation work of the Jewish mystical system called the Kabbalah. Like the Rabbinic commentary on the Torah called the Midrash, it offers scriptural interpretations as well as material on theosophic theology, mystical cosmogony and mystical psychology. It outlines the nature of God, the origin and formation of the universe, the substance of the soul, the path to redemption and the complex relationship between the “universal energy” and humanity.

The Zohar (lit. “Splendour”, or “Radiance”) first appeared in Spain in the 13th Century. It was published by a Jewish writer named Moses de Leon, who ascribed its authorship to one Shimon bar Yochai, a rabbi of the 2nd Century AD who hid from Roman persecution in a cave for 13 years and who was inspired to write the work by the Prophet Elijah. According to Jewish legend, the Kabbalah was an oral tradition revealed by God to Biblical figures such as Abraham and Moses and which was then passed on by word of mouth until Shimon bar Yochai chose to write it down. However, textual analysis has demonstrated that Moses de Leon is the most likely author of this work: The Zohar is mostly written in an exalted and eccentric style of Aramaic which, while not impossible, would be an unusual format for a writer of the 1st Century AD. Today, non-Orthodox Judaism holds The Zohar to be apocryphal and outside mainstream Judaism; Orthodox Jews hold the work to be canonical.

Next: Angelology


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