Sunday, 2 February 2014

The Library of Rokugan...

While “Call of Cthulhu” is the game I hold most dear, I do strike out into other genres occasionally. Given that I am a bit of a ‘samurai tragic’ I have dabbled quite a bit with the Alderac product “Legend of the Five Rings”, and have even made contributions, both artistically and in terms of content, with some of their game releases. I quite like the game world of Rokugan but I’ve never liked the game system: systems should support the genre for which they are the engine, in my view, and whether I play a game or not depends strongly upon this issue. “Call of Cthulhu”, “Feng Shui”, “Pendragon”, and “Cyberpunk” are my games of choice, simply because the mechanics that run them support the nature of the stories that they tell; when I run “L5R”, I replace the rule system with my own home brew system of “Pendragon” rules, simply because it makes more sense.
Most things about Rokugan and the Rokugani I’m quite comfortable with; however, there are a few times when the writers go off the rails and do things which – to my mind anyway – don’t do the genre justice. Mostly it’s just the fact that they don’t take things far enough in recreating a fantasy Feudal Japan equivalent: compare Rokugan with Lian Hearn’s Tales of the Otori or Ruth Manley’s Plum Rain Scroll and the presence of mainly surface detail – facts that don’t really cut to the meat of what this kind of fantasy can be like – is all too apparent. I’ve reached a point with Alderac’s offerings where I only absorb a source book after I’ve checked who wrote it: I’ll take anything by Ree Soesbee; John Wick’s contributions I can take or leave.
One of the things I do with my L5R games, in order to give the world some gravitas and depth, is to drop literature into the environment (and obviously, since this is me, that should come as no surprise to anyone!). Feudal Japanese environments are incredibly literate, compared to their equivalents in a more European setting. People read – a lot. Written transmission of ideas and information is highly prevalent in these settings and, especially when it comes to the way warfare was conducted, was crucial to forging the paths of progress. Accordingly, I provide my players with a library of worthy tomes which they can carry with them and discuss with the non-player characters and each other.
Rokugan – as detailed by the Alderac crowd – certainly isn’t text-free. There are books mentioned in the rules and I have included them faithfully here. Alongside these, I have taken real-world, important texts which were crucial to the development of Feudal Japan and have modified them to suit the Rokugan environment. There are notes at the end of this list which discuss the historical derivation of these works. Interestingly, and this is a testament to the designers’ efforts in outlining their game world, not too much modifying had to take place.
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Bansen Shukai by Yasuki Fujibayashi
A tract with surreptitious circulation. It outlines the usefulness of ninja in battle, the ways that they can be employed and also their more notorious strategies, so that they can be recognised and avoided. Amongst many other standard ninja tricks is detailed the insidious tactic of kyojutsu ten-kan-ho. Essentially this plan involves dressing up your ninja troops in your enemy’s colours, firing upon a guarded section of wall at night during rain or fog and waiting for the dismayed defenders to extinguish their lights. In the resulting dark, ninja scale the walls despatching the defenders while siege engines move in, uncontested, to occupy positions for attack1.

Kyujitai Shinjitai (“In the Shadow of Leaves”) by Togashi Tsuramoto
This is a practical and spiritual guide for a warrior, drawn from a collection of commentaries by the samurai Mirumoto Tsunetomo the third daimyo of the Mirumoto family. Tsuramoto compiled these commentaries from his conversations with Tsunetomo, but they were not published  until many years afterwards (and it’s highly possible they were never meant to be). Known as the Book of the Samurai or the Tsunetomo Analects, this is possibly the best known and most widely read work in Rokugan2.


The book records Tsunetomo's views on bushido, the warrior code of the samurai. In The Shadow Of Leaves is sometimes said to assert that bushido is really the "Way of Dying", or of living as though one was already dead, and that a samurai must be willing to die at any moment in order to be true to his lord; his saying "the way of the warrior is death" was a summation of the willingness to sacrifice that bushido codified.

Leadership by the Kami Akodo
"Without honour, there is no victory. Without fear, there is no defeat."
Leadership is a treatise on military discipline written by the Kami Akodo in the 1st century. It is one of the most widely read books on the military arts, and can be found in most dojos throughout Rokugan.

Lies by Bayushi Tangen
"A living enemy is dangerous; a dead enemy is dead. Better to have a graveyard of dead enemies than a single angry one."
Lies is a treatise on politics written by Bayushi Tangen, and it was presented to the Emperor. It was published shortly after Akodo’s Leadership and attacks it directly, and it also provides examples of Scorpion "sincerity". Along with Mirumoto Hojatsu's Niten, Kakita's The Sword and Leadership, it is considered one of the major literary works written during the foundation of the Empire.
Tangen also wrote another treatise, Little Truths, but apparently - and that’s a dangerous word to use in the context of the Scorpion Clan - it was never published.

Makura no Shōshi by Ida Shōnagon
A revolutionary work comprising the random thoughts and scattered journal notes of a Unicorn courtier written between the years 798 and 802, during which the Unicorn clan returned to Rokugan from its wanderings abroad.
Shōnagon's idle notes are praised for their subtle poetry and adeptness of description. They also capture the spirit of the time and the concerns of the Unicorn clan, especially the uncertainty of their reception back to their homeland.
More than this, the form in which the book is composed – comprising as it does many off-the–cuff observations and unstructured thoughts – inspired others to write in a similar fashion and gave rise to the fude ni shitagau (“following the brush”) form of writing: collections of poetry interspersed with rambling, personal essays, criticisms and observations. Chief among these are Moto Norinaga’s Aiko-ka and Soshuro Sadanobu’s Makura no Seppuku, written in the weeks whilst awaiting the order to commit suicide.
The writing style has become a hallmark of an extreme cultural movement within the Crane clan which espouses ascetic values and an appreciation of art for its own sake, blended with a hardline reading of Shinsei’s ethical teachings. Typically, these wandering epistles cavil against cultural philistinism, the trials of aristocracy, and the general “unpleasantness” of the world and its peoples. Such cultural elitism has its opponents: “The Dog Pillow” is an anonymous parody of Ida Shōnagon's original work which ruthlessly targets the Crane clan and the more effete members within its ranks3.

The Mortar Sutras compiled by Daidoji Akihito
“The Kaiu Wall was built with Crab hands and Crab hearts: it will never fail. This is all that you need to know.
If all the Gods and all our ancestors turn their faces from us and the Wall fails, we have our castles and fortresses to fall back to.
If, by treachery, these strongholds are breached and so fall, we have armour on our backs and weapons in our fists.
If these fail, we have hands; and teeth; and hearts.
These will not fail.”
This is a collection of inspirational chants used by troops along the Kaiu Wall. Akihito was stationed on the Wall for a period of ten years during which he collected these pieces of doggerel and re-worked them into uplifting pieces of rambling verse that are often used throughout Rokugan as a positive character sketch of the Crab Clan.

Niten by Mirumoto Hojatsu
“The samurai in the watchtower who says ‘at least that distant war isn’t happening in our territory’ is the one who will open the gate for an invading army…”
Niten (literally, "two skies") is the swordsmanship discipline devised by the first Dragon Clan Thunder, Mirumoto, and used almost exclusively by the Dragon Clan samurai, particularly those from the Mirumoto family. Unlike the Kakita school of thought, niten-ryu believes that it is dishonourable for a samurai to die in the defense of his lord while there is still another blade by his side. Because of this, practitioners of the style fight with both wakizashi and katana.
Although Kakita's iaijutsu technique is more widely accepted for use in duelling, niten maintains its applicability and contends admirably in both duels and combat.

“Seijutsu na Ansatsusha” a play by Akodo Jimomen
A play that was famously banned during the reign of Hantei XII. It tells the romantic story of Bayushi Aramoro, the brother of the Scorpion daimyo Bayushi Hajioki, who was a ninja jonin. At the command of Hantei X, all the Scorpion ninja are ordered to surrender themselves to the Emerald Champion to answer charges of the use of black magic: after a travesty of a trial, the noble ninja are all boiled alive in oil. Amid declarations of honourable purpose and tearful farewells to loved ones, the play offers the message that the individual exists at the whim of Heaven, regardless of rank, reputation, or ability. Despite its proscribed status, it is still a favourite among the lower classes.

Shonshi Nihongi (“On the Conduct of War”) by Akodo Shonshi
A very early work which is well thumbed by any samurai, especially those with direct experience of massed combat. The essence of the work is that any and all strategies are expedient if they deflect the possibility of open warfare, including “dishonourable acts” such as the employment of ninja troops. Consequently the work is considered unsettling and controversial4.

The Sword by Kakita-sama
"The secret of swordplay is not the swift defeat, not the prolonged strike and block. A pure stroke will defeat technique."
The Sword is the record of the philosophy regarding swordsmanship and discipline written by Kakita-sama, the founder of the Kakita family and one of the earliest and strongest proponents of iaijutsu. This treatise also served as the foundation for duelling in Rokugan and included Kakita's thoughts on the theory and technique of kenjutsu.
The essence of Kakita's technique is that an enemy could be defeated with a single strike and that it takes only that single strike to end any conflict. The key to the technique is that of perfection: the strike must be of perfect form, with perfect speed, and perfect accuracy. Kakita summarized this philosophy with the following: "One man, one sword, one strike."
The final manuscript of this great work is held in Kakita's dojo in the Crane lands.
The Tao of Shinsei
The main religious text of Rokugan which outlines the order of the Universe, the effects of karma and which codifies “correct behaviour” during one’s existence. Most Rokugani know at least one verse or parable from this work and many of the stories have been re-worked into derivative local legends5.
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Notes:
1 This is a real world text. Fujibayashi Yasutake’s Bansen Shukai is a real-world ninja tract, one of only very few ever written. Rather than make up a new name for him, I dropped a few letters from his real-world name to make him a Rokugani Crab.
2 The closest real-world equivalent of this work is the samurai handbook called Hagakure. Many samurai leaders often posted notices around their troops’ barracks, either regulations to be observed (with detailed punishments if these were ignored) or words of wisdom to ensure good conduct. These were often gathered together by the samurai and published in limited editions so that they could be read and pondered over during rest periods or tedious watch duties.
3 This of course is a re-working of The Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon. All of the non-Rokugani details here accord directly with the impact which this memoir had upon real-world historical Japanese literature. The Moto and Shosuro works are my own inventions, but “The Dog Pillow” is an actual work too, a parody of the original Makura no Sōshi.
4 “Shonshi” is the Japanese transliteration of the Chinese Sun Tzu; it’s close enough to Shinsei, I feel, to make him the flipside of Wick’s peaceful neo-Buddhist. It also makes sense to me that he be a Lion Clan theorist. The Shonshi Nihongi was the first Japanese book to espouse Sun Tzu’s philosophies – there was never a contemporary translation of The Art of War, but many Japanese books made reference to the original.
5 This text seems like a combination of the Tao Te Ching of Lao Tze and the Tripitaka of Buddhist faith. Wick seems to like his fantasy Buddhism to err on the side of Zen but, to my mind, there is so much more versatility to be gained from underscoring the different mystical schools of thought that Buddhism (and even Taoism) offers, that a great opportunity to broaden an L5R campaign is being missed.


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